Although India occupies only 2.4% of the world's land area, it supports over 15% of the world's population. Only China has a larger population. Almost 40% of Indians are younger than 15 years of age.
About 70% of the people live in more than 550,000 villages.
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Over thousands of years of its history, India has be invaded from the Iranian plateau, Central Asia, Arabia, Afghanistan, and the West; Indian people and culture have absorbed and changed these influences to produce a notable racial and cultural synthesis.
Religion, caste, and language are major determinants of social and political organization in India today. The direction has recognized 18 languages as official; Hindi is the most widely spoken.
Although 83% of the people are Hindu, India also is the home of more than 120 million Muslims--one of the world's largest Muslim populations. The population also includes Christians, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists, and Parsis.
The caste system reflects Indian work-related and religiously defined hierarchies. Traditionally, there are four broad categories of castes (varnas), including a category of outcastes, earlier called "untouchables" but now commonly referred to as "dalits."
India is currently home to about 1.15 billion people, representing a full 17% of the earth’s population. When India gained autonomy from the United Kingdom sixty years ago, the country's population was a mere 350 million. Since 1947, the population of India has more than tripled.
In 1950, India's total fertility rate was approximately 6 (children per woman). Nonetheless, since 1952 India has worked to control its population growth. In 1983, the goal of the country’s National Health Policy was to have a proxy value total fertility rate of 2.1 by the year 2000. That did not occur.
Such projections also show an increasingly aging population, with 76 million (8 percent of the population) age sixty and above in 2001, 102 million (9 percent) in 2011, and 137 million (11 percent) in 2021.
These figures coincide closely with those probable by the United States Bureau of the Census, which also projected that whereas the median age was twenty-two in 1992, it was expected to increase to twenty-nine by 2020, placing the median age in India well above all of its South Asian neighbors except Sri Lanka.
State wise Population of India 2011
1. Uttar Pradesh – 19,95,81,477
2. Maharashtra – 11,23,72,972
3. Bihar – 10,38,04,637
4. West Bengal – 9,13,47,736
5. Andhra Pradesh – 8,46,65,533
6. Rajasthan – 6,86,21,012
7. Madhya Pradesh – 7,25,97,565
8. Tamil Nadu – 7,21,38,958
9. Karnataka – 6,11,30,704
10. Gujarat – 6,03,83,628
11. Orissa – 4,19,47,358
12. Kerala – 3,33,87,677
13. Jharkhand – 3,29,66,238
14. Assam – 3,11,69,272
15. Punjab – 2,77,04,236
16. Chhattisgarh – 2,55,40,196
17. Haryana – 2,53,53,081
18. Uttarakhand – 1,01,16,752
19. NCT of Delhi # 1,67,53,235
20. Jammu & Kashmir – 1,25,48,926
21. Himachal Pradesh – 68,56,5096.
22. Tripura – 36,71,032
23. Meghalaya – 29,64,007
24. Manipur – 27,21,756
25. Nagaland – 19,80,602
26. Goa – 14,57,723
27. Arunachal Pradesh – 13,82,611
28. Puducherry # 12,44,464 (Pondicherry)
29. Mizoram – 10,91,014
30. Chandigarh # 10,54,686
31. Sikkim – 6,07,688
32. Andaman & Nicobar Islands # 3,79,944
33. Dadra & Nagar Haveli # 3,42,853
34. Daman & Diu # 2,42,911
35. Lakshadweep # 64,429
So TOTAL Current Population of India in 2011 is 1,210,000,000 (1.21 billion)
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